Treatment of hydrocarbon dephlegmation products



@et Ul, 932. K. w, BARTLETT LSZ@ TREATMENT OF HYDROGARBON DEPHLEGMATION'PRODUCTS Filed No'v. 1. 1929 (avan/55,95

f obtained as above described, is of a range substantially higher than derived from,

Patented ocr. 11,r 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT; OFFICE KENT w. BAETLETT, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, AssIGNOR 'ro JENKINS PETROLEUM PROCESS COMPANY', OE CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A COEPORATIONOE WISCONSIN TREATMENT 0F HYDROCARBON DEPHEGMATION PRODUCTS Application led November 1, 1929. Serial No. 44,1`39.

My invention relates lto a process andmeans for treatment of hydrocarbon dephlegmation products, and particularly to such products intermediately produced 1n the .5 Cracking treatment of petroleum hydrocarbons.

In a known method of cracking petroleum hydrocarbons, the cracked and partially cracked vapor initially produced is subjectedto dephlegniation, the low boiling point, de sirable fractions eliminated and condensed exterior to the cracking zone, and the high boiling point fractions returned thereto ad mixed with other hydrocarbons of higher boiling point for further cracking treatment. In a known variation of the above process dephlegmation is aided by directly contacting the initially produced cracked and parf` tially cracked vapor with hydrocarbons of 23 higher voiling point, the composite reflux condensate thus Obtained containing they heavier fractions of the initially Crackedy vapor and added hydrocarbons.

Where a coinmingled orcomposite reflux, boiling cracked and partially cracked vapor, and

particularly where such reflux comprises in part a substantial quantity of residual hydro- Co carbons, its introduction to a cracking zone is productive of objectionable carbon deposits therein.

I have discovered in cracking processes of the above` type thatv liability of formation ,of objectionable carbon deposit can be greatly reduced, and the yield of desirable light hyc drocarbons increased, by maintaining the final boiling point of the admixed or composite reflux condensate substantially equal to that portion of such condensate derived Yfrom the cracked and partially cracked vapor. .i

It is a general object of the invention to provide for a. method of treatment of admixed or composite reflux condensate inter-l mediately produced in the cracking treatment of hydrocarbons, wherein the final boiling point of such condensate shall be substantially equal to that portion of such coning treatment of leum, reducedf crude, residuum or the like is theraw base,

densate initially derived from such cracking treatment.

A corollary general object of the invention is to provide for a method of treatment of admixed or composite reflux` condensate intermediately produced in part, in the crackhydrocarbons, wherein the final boiling point of such condensate shall indicate absence of hydrocarbons of a heavy residual nature. n j,

Another general object of the invention is to provide for a methodof treatment of admixed or vcomposite reflux condensate intermediately produced in part, in the cracking treatment of hydrocarbons and intended for direct admission to a cracking zone; wherein the carbon-forming tendency of such condensate in said cracking zone shall be reduced and the yield of desirable hydrocarbons increased. In a cracking process where a raw base, such as crude petroleum, reduced crude, residuum and the like, is subjected to cracking conditions of heat and pressure, an important object of the invention is to provide for a method of treatment wherein a composite distillate, selectively dephlegmated from commingled cracked, partially cracked and natural distillate vapor, is intermediately produced from such raw base; the'cracked and partially cracked vapor from said crack.- ingtreatment subjected to dephlegrnation; the lighterdesirable products obtained thereby eliminated and condensed exterior to the cracking zone; and the heavier reflux returned thereto for further cracking treatment admixed with said intermediately produced.' composite distillate.

In a cracking process,

where crude petro- Q0 a specific purpose of the invention 1s to provide a method of treatment wherein a composite distillate, selectively dephlegmated from conimingled cracked, partially cracked, and natural `distillate vapor derived from said raw base, is initially subjected to cracking conditions of heat and pressure; the cracked and partially cracked vaporsproduced -thereby subjected to dephlegmation; the lighter desirable products means, and the heavier reflux returned thereto for further cracking treatment admixed with an additional quantity of said composite charging stock.

In cyclic cracking treatment where a finely divided mineral adsorbent, such as lime, is employed in dispersedcirculation throughout an oil undergoing such-cracking treatment in a still of well known type, a more specic purpose of the invention is to provide for a method of treatment of commingled or composite reflux condensate, intermediately produced in part by said cracking treatment and intended for direct subjection thereto, wherein the quantity oflime necessary for adsorp-l tion of carbon producing substance shall be reduced, and the yield of desirable hydrocarbons increased.

My process yis applicable in its broadest scope to any liquid hydrocarbonl amenable to cracking that remains substantially liquid `under the cracking conditions employed, generates cracked vapor, and returns a reflux for .further cracking treatment. Under such conditions, I either `admix with the reflux stream a hydrocarbonpwhos'e lower distillation range is substantially equal to that of the reflux produced from the cracked and par-` tially cracked vapor', or more preferably I commingle with the cracked and partially cracked vapor, a hydrocarbon of such distillation range as to permit proper dephlegmation of the initially cracked vapor, and produce at the same time a composite reflux of substantially the same final boiling point,

as the reflux fraction .derived from the `initially cracked vapor; accomplishingsuch objective and the previously Aenumerated advantages of less tendency for carbon deposition Vand increase in production in desirable light hydrocarbons, by preferably employing` for admixin 4 or commingllng purposes', a selective distlllate hydrocarbon permitting of the specified boiling point limitation.

. In the application of my invention to a Vcracking process where crude petroleum, re-

duced crude, residuum or the like, is the4 raw base, while the cracking zone may beV initially charged with such base and cracking conm ditions of heat and pressure imposed thereon, I intermediatelyproduce from said base a composite distillate for subsequent subjection to actuall cracking conditions rather than the raw base. I obtain such composite distillate by selectively dephlegmating and condensing exterior to the cracking zone, the commingled vapors of recycle stock and `natural distillate, ,obtained through evaporation under reduced pressure by known means of a portion of the cracking stock, and by distillation of the raw base respectively. The cracked :and partially cracked vapor produced under cracking treatment, is either separately dephlegmated and its reiux condensate returned to the cracking zone, admixed with composite distillate of the nature described, or preferably the cracked vapor is` commingled with said composite distillate during dephlegmation, and the resultant're flux condensate returned to the cracking zone vfor further treatment; the desirable light hydrocarbons or crude gasoline vapor being eliminated 1n elther case, and condensed exterior to the dephlegmatingzone; or subjected i to further treatment as desired.

The residuums respectively obtained as end products of cracking and natural distil-l lation contain varying quantities of sediment 1n suspenslon, such as free carbon and highly polymerized hydrocarbons. Upon commingling such residuum'to produce a compositem fuel oil, the sediment content thereof may remain substantially unchanged, become re' duced on account of internal intersolubilities, or initially increased over the weighted average of its components, due to therein obtainingcolloidal hydrocarbon decomposition products assuming a noncolloidal form with attendant precipitation from solution.

Where suspended material, including precipitate as above formed, freely settles upon stagnation, a supernatent marine fuel oil is obtained df marketable B. X. specification; y but if decomposition products remain in suspension, and `especially where initially produced pressure distillate or crude gasoline contains vimpurities' causing discoloration upon Yexposure to light, I provide a method of treatmentvwherein the sediment content of any residuum may be reduced to a negligible amount,fand the effect of the objectionableimpurities in the crude pressure distillate nulliied, by admixing such residuum with a quantity of previously, sul huric acid treat ed, pressure distillate, su cient to increase therspecic gravity differential between solutlon and sediment to effect settling of 'the' posure to light, and a final residuum or mav r1ne fuel oil` substantially sediment free, of 13.0

minimum marketable B. Xl content.-

-latter upon-stagnation;r eliminating the setinvention. l-

The drawingshows a diagrammatic sectional elevation of apparatus designed for carrying out my approved methods, where 1 represents a pressure cracking still of well known type, comprising a horizontal cylindrical drum 2, superimposed over front and rear sluiceways 3 and 4, supraadjacent to front and rear cross drums 5 and 6, respectively; the latter being connected by the tube bank 7. Circulation of thev still contents is effected by the propeller 8, driving means not shown. The still is to be considered as provided with the usual accessories, such as pressure gauges, thermometers, pyrometers and level gauges and mounted over a heatlng furnace of standard design.

The vapor line 9 and reiux line 10 are in unrestricted connection with the battle tower 11, indirect charging of the cracking zone, including introduction of adsorbent, being effected through the charging line 12, having connection to reflux line 10 by branch line 10', as controlled by valve 10".; or

through the baffle tower 11 with discharge- .thereto controlled at selective levels by the valves 13, 13 and 13". The secondary vapor line 14 extends from the top of the baiile tower 11 to thebubble tower 31, valve 15 serving to maintain any desired pressure on the cracking zone. The cracking zone dis- Vcharge line '16, controlled by release valve 17, connects with the low. pressure vapor Vseparator 18, from which in turn the recycle stock vapor line 19 leads to the composite dephlegmating tower 20. The line 21 serves as a fuel discharge to the fuel settler 22, from the bottom of which suspended matter may be drawn oil' by valve 23; line 24 serving to carry olf the supernatent relatively clear fuel to the cracked fuel oil tank 25.

In the simplest application of my invention to a cracking process, wherein the purpose is reduction of liability towards for.- mation of objectionable carbon deposit, and increase in desirable light hydrocarbons, it may be assumed for example, that a cru'de pressure distillate of 500 F. end point is being released from the baffle tower 11 11nder 140 lbs.v pressure, through the line 14, as controlled by the valve 15; and `that a reflux stream of say 740 F. final boiling point, derived from the cracked, partially cracked, andentrained uncracked vapor entering the baffle tower through vapor line 9, is being returned to the drum 2, through reflux linel 10; the reacting charge in' the still being in l this instance a heavy gas oil of 775 F. end

. point. To attain iny objectives, Iintroduce by the line 12, either through the branch line `10 and reflux line 10, or preferably through the baile tower ll, such charging stock that the mixed or composite reflux vfinally entering the still through line 10, will possess a iinal boiling point substantially equal to the reflux fraction derived from the vapors entering the tower through line 9; the selective discharge levels in baille tower 11 allowing a considerable intermediate distillation range in the composition of charging stock when introduced at such points, and still permitting the final boiling point limitation of the composite reflux.

Where the still contents have been long subjected to cracking conditions, or where such charge contains natural sfractions of a residual nature, the concentration of car bon-forming substance and the tendency towards objectionable deposits may be considerably reduced, accompanied by a corresponding increase in production of desirable light hydrocarbons, by introducing. as charging stock a material not only acceptable from a, distillation range, but essentially of distillate composition. Where the material undergoing cracking is decidedly of a residual nature, orl where the cracking conditions of find it best to employ as a charging stock, a carefully dephlegmated composite distillate from which all heavy residual fractions have been removed by prior distillation.

In the adaptation of the invention to cracking such raw stock as crude, reduced crude, residuum or the like, while suchmaterial maybe directly employed'as an initial charge in the cracking zone, I preferably first tillate charging stock from a raw base, which e will be considered as reduced crude of 26.8 A. P. I. gravity, the high presfor example,

sure pump 26, operated by any suitable means, takes suction by line 27 from the raw base tank 28, discharging the reduced crude, under say 145 lbs. pressure by line 29, to the heat exchanging and trim coil 30, located in the top of the bubble tower 31, and thence passes by line 32v to the heat exchanger 33, in the base of the reboiler section 34. From the latter, the reduced crude passing through line 35, is forced to a greater or lesser degree through the heat exchanging and trim coil 36, as controlled bythe valves 37, 37 and heat and pressure are severe, IV

37, and thence by line to the tube still 39, heated by the furnace 40, which may if desired, be located anterior or posterior to the main cracking unit, supplying heating means y thereto' or receiving heat eillux therefrom,

respectively.

- The tubefstillv 39 is so constructed of Several thousand feet of continuous coil on well known lines, that the hot raw stock issuing therefrom by line 41, as controlled by valve 41', will enter the low pressure raw stock vapor separator 42, at such temperature and under such pressure, whichreleased in said separator, will cause without occurrence of substantial cracking, a predetermined percentage separation therein of the lighter nat-v ural distillate fractionsy from the natural high .boiling point residuum content; the klatter flowing through line 43 to the straightrun fuel oil tank 44, and v`the former passing off through the vapor line 45 to the composite ldephlegmating tower 20Ll In the example chosen, the hot reduced crude will enter the low pressure raw stock'vapor'separator at aan atemperature, of say 825 F., and at a pressure of 35 lbs., which pressurewillbe substantially dissipated in the low pressure separator 42; resulting in the production of say 80% of 36 A. P. I. gravity distillate vapor,

and 20% straight run fuel oil lof9 Aal?. la

gravlty. x i

r,The greater proportion of the vapor passv'ing into the composite dephlegmating tower 2 20, initially at least, is condensed bythe cooling actionof the raw stock assing through the exchanging coil 36. vapordrops to the reboiler section 34, where a substantially constant liquid level is maina. tainedby the float control apparatus 46 and balanced valve 46'; the excess of condensate flowing by line-47 to the make-up or overflow tank 48, a direct discharge of condensate p from the reboiler section being afforded by l. -line 49 to thehigh pressure hot oilj pump 50,. 4 45' which is also connected by' thefsuction line 51 tp tanks 48 and 28, as controlled by valves 48 and 28 respectively; so that practically any desired combination of-distillate on raw stock may be employed as primary or emergencyy cracking material.

In preferred operation, the hot primary distillate cracking stock Vis charged by the hot oil pump 50, to the cracking still 1 Y through line 12 in the manner previously described, until a s uiicient quantity of material has accumulated in the "drum 2 to warrant stock is shut off for -iring .the still, when the flow'of charging the time being and al" lowed to accumulate in the make-up tank 48. When cracking conditions have been imposed on still 1, propeller 8 havingcbeen started in the meantime, cracked vapor is allowed to release through line 14 as controlled by valve 15, to the bubble tower 31. The high pres- -sure hot oil charging pump 50 is again startuch condensed f posite dephlegmating tower `20, where it commingles with the natural distillate vapor derived from the raw stock; the condensed dephlegmated vapors now dropping to thel reboiler section 34, being a composite con-'l densa-te of cracked, partially cracked and natural distillate which now becomes the ractual cracking stock charged to the still 1.

kWith the rise, in temperature attendant upon' the additional amountV of vapor dis-4` charged into tower 20 and increased reboiling eect, ythe lightest vapors are no longer condensed, resulting in a light recycle stock being distilled off from a selective level through line 52, such vapor being condensed' by cooling coil 53, the condensate thence flowlng by line 54 to the light recycle stock tank 55, from which it is removed through suction line 56 by pump 57 and (discharged into' the bubble tower 31 by line 58; an appreciable amount of heavy crude gasoline being recovered thereby.

The dephlegmated crudev gamsoline vapor leaves the bubble tower 31` by e 59, is condensed byfcoil 60, and thence Hows by line 61'.

.to thegasoline tank 62; the reflux bubble tower bottoms flowing by line 63 through cooling coil 63', and thence by line 64 to the bubble tower bottoms ltank 65, from which it may be returned to the cracking system, or eliminatedras may bedesired. A i l The cracked fuel oil separated in' the low pressure vapor separator 18, is discharged therefrom together yWith its lime content to the fuel oil settler 22, from which the supernatent fuel flows by line` 24 to. the cracked fuel oil tank 25; the material settled out in settler 22 being eliminated from the system through valve 23. Where the supernatent relatively settled fuel does not meet a prede-9 ytermined market specification, such as for example 0.5% of suspended matter, such fuel may be united'r with ay portion of the straight .run product; the pump 66 takingsuction by,

line 67 from tanks 44 and 25, as controlled by valves 44' and 25 respectively, serving for such purpose and discharging the mixed fuel. by line 68 to the conical bottom mixing tank of standard design 69, provided with a draw off valve 69 for removing sedimentary material, and fitted with any well known means for effecting intimate adinixtureof contents; such as a compressed air line or.

v water, and securing intimate admixtureland agitation of contents;.or such form of apparatus may be replaced by any known type of continuous treating means. Sulphuric acid of suiiicient strength to nullify the action of compounds causing discoloration of said gasoline on exposure to light is employed in either case, and the spent' acid-eliminated j from the system; in the accompanying illustration through valve 72. The treated gasoline is discharged ,through valve 73 and74 to the mixing agitator 69, sufficienty gasoline being employed to raise .the A'. P. I. gravity of the resultant mixture to a point conducive to the separation of suspended material, sayto 16 A. P. I. gravity. U

After thorough incorporation and settling of the agitator contents, the settled material is eliminated through valve 69', the super- 'natent solution withdrawn through suction line 75 by pump76, and discharged through line 77 to the bubble tower 78, where the mixture of fuel oil andI gasoline is dephlegmaj tively Adistilled through the agency of superheated steam.- introduced through the dry coil 79: or if desired. the solution of gasoline and fuel oil may be heated to aflashing temperature in a tube still or other 'suitable means. placed anterior to thebubble tower 78. and discharging therein.

The gasoline yapor dephlegmated in tower 7 8 discharges through vapor line 80, is condensed 4in coil 81. and iiows thence by line 82 be withdrawn from the system as a iinished product by suitable means (not shown), or subjected to further treatment, if desired.

\ Finished specification fuel oil is eliminated through valve 84, line 85, and accumulates in tank 86, from which it may be removedby any suitable means.

The application of my process is not limited to the apparatus illustrated and described in the foregoing specification, neither am I bound by the temperatures, pressures, gravities and other constants disclosed therein,

which are to be considered as illustrative examples only of the process, and what I consider new andV desire to protect by Letters Patent is: i

1. A lprocess for clarifying residual hydrocarbon oils which have been subjected to a cracking reaction in the .presence of hydrated lime and which still contain suspended and colloidal hydrated lime associated with carbon from the cracking reaction, whichcomprises settling and removing from said residual hydrocarbon oils a portion of the suspended hydrated lime associated with' carbon,

distilling` and separatingadditional hydro.

carbon oils into a vapor portion and a residual portion containing substantially no suspended sediment, mixing said residual por- Y tion containing substantially no suspended sediment with said residual hydrocarbon oils to coagulate said colloidal hydrated lime, settling andremoving from the mixture of hydrocarbon oils suspended and coagulated hydrated lime associated with carbon whereby a composite residual fuel oil isproduced having a negligible sediment content.

2. A process for clarifying residual hydrocarbon oils which have been subjected to a cracking reaction in the presence of hydrated lime and which still contain suspendedand colloidal hydrated lime associated with carbon from the cracking reaction, which comv`prises settling and removing from said residual hydrocarbon oils a portion of the suspended hydrated limeA associated `with car- 4drocarbon oils into a vapor portion and a on, distilling and separating additional hyj residual portion containing substantially no suspended sediment, mixing said residual portion containing substantially` no suspended sediment with said residual hydrocarbon oils to coagulate said colloidal` hydr ted lime, introducing' into the mixture of ydrocarbon oils a hydrocarbon distillate to suiiciently in-l crease i the specific gavity differential between theA mixture of hydrocarbon oils thus produced and the therein suspended and 'coagulat-ed hydrated lime associated with'carbon to effect easy removal lof the latter from suspension byl subsequent settling, settling and removingfrom said mixture of hydrocarbon oils Suspendedv and lcoagulated hyfo the gasnline tank 83- from which it may 1' drated lime associated with carbon, distilling andrecovering from said mixture of hydrocarbon oils said hydrocarbon distillate whereby a composite residual fuel oil is produced havin a negligible sediment content.

3. process for clarifying residual hydrocarbon oils which have been subjected to a cracking reaction in the presence of hydrated lime and which still contain suspended and colloidal hydrated lime associated with carbon from the cracking reaction, which comprises settling and removing from said residual hydrocarbon oils a portion of the suspended hydrated lime associated with carbon,

i distilling and separating additional hydrowith sulphuric acid to produce a photo-chemical effect therein, introducing into the mixture of hydrocarbon oils the treated hydrocarbon distillate to sufficiently increase the specific gravity differential between the `mixture of hydrocarbon oils thus produced and the therein suspended and coagulatedlhydrated lime associated with carbon to effect easy removal of the latter from suspension by subsequent settling, settling and removing from said mixture of hydrocarbon oils suspended and coagulated -hydrated lime associated with carbon, distilling and recovering from said mixture of hydrocarbon oils said hydrocarbon distillate separated from impurities causing discoloration uponexposure to light whereby a composite residual fuel oil is produced having a negligible sediment content and retaining said impurities in solution. c

4. A process for tlie production of gasoline and other oils from hydrocarbon oils which comprises subjecting a mass of hydrocarbonoils to a cracking temperature under pressure to crack said oils and evolve vapors therefrom, withdrawing residual oils from said mass of oils, reducing pressure on the oils s o withdrawn while the latter are in a heated condition to 'Hash aportion thereof into hot vapors, separatingfsaid vapors from unvaporized residual oils, heating additional hydrocarbon oils to effect a distillation of vapors therefrom, separating vapors so distilled from the unvaporized portion of said ladditional hydrocarbon oils, mixing l out of contact with unvaporizedoils vapors so distilled and separated with hot vapors ashed and separateddfrom said withdrawn oils to form a composite distillate, fractionally con,- densing and separating out heavier fractlons from said composite distillate to form a com-.-

posite'condensa, and introducing said compositeconde'nsate into the mass .of hydrocarbon oils subjected to said cracking temperature and pressure heretofore mentioned.

5. A process foi-the production of gaso line and other,y oils `from hydrocarbon oils,

which comprises subjliping a mass` of hydrocarb'on oils toa crac gtemperature under pressure to crack saidoils 'andevolve'va ors therefrom, withdrawing residual oils said mass of oils, effecting vapor-ization Vof -a portion of the residual oils so withdrawn,

separating 'evolved va ors from unvaporized res'idual' oils, heating additional hydrocarbon oils to effect la.v distillation of vapors therefrom, separating `vapors `so distilled vfrom the unvaporized portion of said additional hydrocarbon oils, mixing out of contact with unvaporized oils vapors so distilledl and separated with vapors evolved and separated from said ,Withdrawn oils to form a composite distillate, fractionally condensing and separating out heavier fractions from said composite distillate to lform a composite condensatetand introducing said composite condensate into the mass ofhydrocarbon oils subjectedfto said crackingtemperature and pressure heretofore mentioned.

6. A process for the production of gasoline and other oils from hydrocarbon oils which comprises ,subjecting a mass of hydrocarbon oils to a cracking temperature under pressure to crack said oils and evolve vapors therefrom, separating said vapors into a vapor portion containing gasoline fractions and a lreflux condensate portion, withdrawing residual oils from said mass of` oils, reducing pressure on'the oils'so withdrawn while the latter are in a heated condition to flash a portion thereof int'ovhot vapors, separating said vapors from unvaporized residual oils,: heating additional hydrocarbon oils to eii'ectv 5a distillation of vapors therefrom, separating vapors so distilled from the unvaporized portion of said additional hydrocarbon oils, mixing'out of contact with unvaporized oils, 95 vapors so distilled and separated with hot vapors flashed and separated from said withvdrawn oils to form a compbsite distillate,

troducing said composite condensate into said reflux condensate portion to form a'mixture of oils, and introducing the mixture of oils thus formed into the mass of hydrocarbon oils subjected to said cracln'ng temperature and pressure heretofore mentioned.

7. A process for the production of gasoline and other oils from hydrocarbon oils which. comprises subjectinga mass 'of hydro- 110 carbon oilsto a cracking temperature under pressure to crack said oils and evolve vapors L therefrom, separating said vapors into a vapor portioncontaining gasoline fractions and a reiux condensate portion, withdrawing 113 residual oils from said massof oilseffect ing apoiizationofa portion of the residual o o withdrawn, separating evolved vapors from unvaporized residual oils` heating'- additional hydrocarbon oils to effect a distillation of vaporsJ- therefrom, separating vapors so distilled from the unvaporized portion of said additional hydrocarbon oils, mixing out of contact with unvaporized oils vapors so distilled and separated with vapors evolved and separated from said withdrawn oils to form a composite distillate, fractionally con? densing and'separ'ating out heavier fractions .from said composite distillate to form a composite condensate, introducing said compos 113- -ite condensate into said reflux condensate portion to form a mixture of oils, and introducing the mixture of oils thus formed into the mass of hydrocarbon oils subjected to said cracking temperature and pressure heretofore mentioned.

8. A process for the production of gasoline and other oils from hydrocarbon oils which comprises subjecting a mass of hydrocarbon oils to a cracking temperature under pressure to crack said oils and evolve vapors therefrom, withdrawing residual oils from said mass of oils, reducing pressure on the oils so Withdrawn While the latterare in a heated condition to flash a portion thereof into hot vapors, separating said vapors from unvaporized residual oils, heat-ing additional hydrocarbon oils to effect a distillation of vapors therefrom, separating vapors so distilled from the unvaporized portion of said ,additional hydrocarbon oils, mixing out of' contact with unvaporized oils vapors so distilled and separated with hot vapors fiashed and separated from said withdrawn oils to form a composite distillate, fractionrally condensing and separating out heavier fractions from said composite distillate to form a composite condensate, introducing said composite condensate into direct physical contact with vapors evolved from said mass of hydrocarbon oils to form a mixture of oils and vapors, fractionally condensing and separating the mixture of oils land vapors thus formed into a vapor portion containing gasoline fractions and a composite condensate portion, and introducing said composite condensate portion into the mass of hydrocarbon oils subjected to said cracking temperature and pressure heretofore mentioned.

9. A process for the production of gasoline and other oils from hydrocarbon voils which comprises subjecting a mass of hydrocarbon oils ,to a cracking temperature under pressure to crack said oils and evolve vapors therefrom, withdrawing residual oils from said mass of oils, effecting vaporization of a portion o f the residual oils so withdrawn, separating evolved `vapors from unvaporized residual oils, heating additional hydrocarbon oils to effect a distillation of vapors therefrom, separating vapors so distilled from the unvaporized portion of said additional hydrocarbon oils, mixng out of contact with unvaporized oils vapors so distilled and separated With vaporsevolved and separated fromsaid withdrawn oils to forma` composite distillate, fractionally condensing and separating',r out heavier fractions from said composite distillate to form a composite condensate,`introducing said composite condensate into direct physical contact with vapors evolved from said mass of hydrocarbon oils to form a mlxture of oils and vapors, fractionall)1 condensing and separating the mixy ture of oils and vapors thus formed into a vapor portion containing gasoline fractions and a composite condensate portion, and introducing said composite condensate portion into the mass of hydrocarbon oils subjected to said cracking temperature and pressurel heretofore mentioned.

10. A process for the production of gasoline and other oils from hydrocarbon oils which compri-ses subjecting a mass of hydrocarbon oils` to a cracking temperature under. pressureto crack said 011s and evolve -vapors,

therefrom, separating said vapors into a va- 1 `por portion containing gasoline fractions and a reflux condensate portion, Withdrawing residual oils Ifrom said mass of oils, effecting vapo'rfzation of a portion of the residual oils so Withdrawn, separating evolved vapors from unvaporized residual oils, heating additional hydrocarbon oils to effect a distillation of vapors therefrom, separating vapors so distilled from the unvaporized portion of said additional hydrocarbon'oils, mixing out.of contact with unvaporized oils va` pors so distilled and separated with vapors evolved and separated from said Withdrawn 'oils to forma composite,distillateffractionally condensingand separating out heavier fractions from said composite distillate to' form a composite condensate having suchV distillation characteristics as to subsequent-- ly produce upon admixture with said reflux condensate portion a mixture of oils having a final boiling point closely) approximating that of said reflux condensate portion, introducing said composite condensate linto said refiux condensate portion to form a mixture of oils having a final boiling point closely pressure to crack said oils and evolve vapors therefrom, separating said .vapors into a vapor portion containing gasoline fractions and a reflux condensate portion, withdrawing residual oils from said mass of oils, reducing pressure on the oils so Withdrawn While the latter are in a heat-edv condition to flash a portion-thereof into hot vapors, .separating said vapors from unvaporized resldual oils, heating additional hydrocarbon oils to effect a distillation of vapors therefrom, separating vapors so distilled from the unvaporizd portion of said additional hydrocarbon oils, mixing out of contactv with unvaporized oils vapors so distilled and Hseparated with vhot vapors flashed and separated from said Withdrawn oils to form a composite distillate,

fractionally 'condensing and separating out heavier lfractions from said composite distil- I late toiform a compositezco'ndensat'e having such 'distillation characteristics as to subsequently produceupon admixture with said Areflux condensate portion a mixture of oils having a final boiling point closely approximating thatI of saidreiux condensate portion,

introducing said composite condensate into said reflux condensate portion to form a mixm vture of oils having a final boiling point closely approximating that 4of said reflux condensate portion, and introducing 'the mixture of 011s thus formed into the mass of hydrocarbon oils subjected to said cracking temperature and pressurel heretofore mentioned.

12. A process for clarifying residual hydrocarbonoils'which have been subjected to a cracking reaction and which contain suspended carbon and semi-solld carbonaceous 20 a products from the cracking reaction, which comprises distilling and separating additional hydrocarbon oils int-o a vapor portion' moving from the mixture of hydrocarbon oilsthus formed suspended 'and coagulated carbon and semi-solid carbonaceous products from the cracking reaction whereby a composite residual fuel oil is produced having a negligible sediment content.

- 13. A process for clarifying residual hydrocarbon oils which have been subjected to a cracking reaction and which contain lsus- `Fpended. carbon and semi-solid carbonaceous products from the cracking reaction, which comprises distilling and separating additional hydrocarbon oils into a vapor prtion and a residual portion containing vsubstantially no suspended sediment, mixing said` ,Y residual portion containing substantiallygno suspended ysediment with said residual hydrocrease the vspecific gravity differential bey carbon oils to coagulate said suspended carbon and semi-solid carbonaceous products from the cracking reaction, introducing into the mixture of hydrocarbon oils thus formed a.l hydrocarbon distillate to sufficiently intween the mixture of hydrocarbon oils thus .produced and the therein suspended and coagulated carbon and semi-solid carbonaceous Y products from the cracking reaction to effect `removal of the latter from suspension by the therein hydrated lime associated with carbon to effect 14. A process ,for clarifying residual hydrocarbon oils Awhich have been subjected to a cracking reaction in the presence of sus-L pended land colloidal hydrated lime associated with carbon from the cracking reaction, which comprises distilling and separating additional hydrocarbon oils into a vapor portion anda residual portion containing substantially no suspended sediment, mixing said residual portion containing substantially no 'suspended-sediment with said residual hydrocarbon oils to coagulate said colloidal hydrated lime, settling and f'removing fro'mkthe mixture vof 'hydrocarbon oils thus 'formed suspended and ycoagulated hydrated lime associated with carbon Whereby a composite residual fuel oil is produced having a. negligible sediment content.,

15. A process for clarifying residual hydrocarbon oils which have been subjected to ,a cracking reaction in thepresence of hydrated lime which still contain suspended and colloidal hydrated lime associated `With carbon from the cracking reaction, which comprises distilling and separating additional hydrocarbon oils into a vapor portion and a residual portion containing substantially Ano suspended sediment, Zmixing said residual portlon containing substantially no suspended sediment with said residual hydromsV carbon oils to coagulate said colloidal hydrated lime, introducing into the mixture Aof hydrocarbon oils thus formed Ia`hydrocarbon distillate to-suflicientlyfincrease the specific gravity differential between the mixture of hydrocarbon oils vthus produced and suspended and coagulated removal of the latter from suspension by subsequent settling, settling and removing from said -mixture of rhydrocarbon oils suspended and coa ulatedfhydrated lime associated with carlgion, and distilling and recovering from said `mixture. of hydrocarbon oils said hydrocarbon distillate whereby a composite residual fuel oil is produced havmg a negligible vsediment content.

In testimony whereof AIfhave aflixed signature.

' j KENT W. BARTLETT.

subsequent settling, settling. and 'removing 'I from said mixture of hydrocarbon oils suspended and coagulated carbon and semi-solidI lcarbonaceous productsvfrom the crackin reaction, and dlstlllmg and recovering rom `said mixture of hydrocarbon oils said hydro- I DISCLAIMER 1,882,269.-|Kcnt W. Bartlett, Chicago, Ill. TREATMENT oFHY-DRO'CARBON DEPHLEG- MiiiroN PRODUCTS. Patent dated -October 11 1932. Disclaimer led December 7, 1933, by the assignee, JenkinsPetroleaMProcess Company.

. Hereby enters thisdisclaimer to' claims 4, 5, 6 andU'Z of qthe aforesaid Letters Patent which are in the following Words, to Wit:

4. A process for the production of gasolinerand other oils from hydrocarbon oils which comprises subjecting a mass of hydrocarbon oils to a cracking temperatureunder pressure to crack said oils and'evolve vapors therefrom, yv'ithdrawing residual oilsl from' said mass of oils, reducing pressure on the oils so Withdrawn lWhile the latter are in a heated condition to flash a portion thereof into hot vapors, separating said vapors from unvaporized residual oils, heating additional hydrocarbonoilsto "e'ffectU distillation of vapors therefrom, "separating vapors so distilled from the 'iiivaporized portion of said additional hydrocarbon oils,'mixing out of icontact with unvaporized l oils vapors so distilled and separated with hot vapors flashed rand separated from said Withdrawn oils to forma composite distillate, fractionally condensing and separating I out heavier fractions from said composite d istillateto forni a ,composite-condensate,

'and introducing said composite condensate into the. mass ofhydrocarbon oils subjected to said cracking temperature and pressure heretofore mentioned. 1

f 5. A process for the production of gasoline and other oils' from hydrocarbon oils which comprises subjecting a mass of hydrocarbon oils to a cracking temperature under pressure to crack said oils and evolve vapors therefrom, withdrawing residual, oils from said. mass of oils-effecting vaporization of a portion of the residual oils so .'WithdraWn, separating evolved vapors from unvaporized residual oils, heatingadditional h drocarbonoils to eHect a distillation-.of vapors therefrom, separating vapors'. so distl ed from theunvaporized portion of said additional hydrocarbon oils, mixing out of contactwith unvaporized oils vapors so distilled andseparated With vapors evolved and separated from said Withdrawn oils to forma composite"-distillate, .fr actionally condensing and separating out heavier fractions from saidcomposite distillate to form a composite condensate, and introducing said composite condensate into the mass of hydrocarbon oils subjected to said'cracking temperatureand pre ssurefhereto--V fore mentioned. i i 0 6. A processfor the. production of gasoline and other oilsl from hydrocarbon oils Which comprises subjecting` a mass of hydrocarborioils to a cracking temperature under pressure to crack said oils and evolve vapors therefrom, separatingsaidvapors intoa vapor portion containing gasoline fractions anda reflux condensateportion, withdrawing residual oils from said mass of oils, reducingprcssure on' the oils so With drawn While the latter are in a heated condition to flash a portion thereof into hot vapors, separating said vapors from unvaporiz'edTl residual oils, heating additional hydrocarbon oils to effect a distillation of vapors therefrom, se'parating vapors ,soy Y distilled from the unvaporized portion of said 4vadditional hydrocarbon oils, .mixing out of contact-With unvaporized oils, vapors so distilled and separatedv With hot vapors flashed and separated from said Withdrawnols toform a composite distillate, d'

l fractionallyzcondensing and separating .out heavier fractions from said composite -V distillate to form a composite condensate, introducing said composite condensate into said reflux condensate portion to forma mixture of oils, and introducing the l`mixture i of oils thus formed into the mass of hydrocarbon oils subjected to said cracking temperature and pressure heretofore mentioned. f. 'y

7. A process for ,the production of gasoline and other oils from hydrocarbon oils which comprises subjecting amass of hydrocarbon `oils toa cracking temperature under pressure -to crack said oils and evolve vapors therefrom, separating said vapors into a vapor portion' containing gaseline fractions and a reflux condensate portion,

withdrawing residual oils from said'rnass of oils, effecting vaporization of a portion of j the residual oils so Withdrawn', separatingevolved vai'pors from unvaporized residual oils, heating-additional hydrocarbon oilsl to effect a i s'tillation of vapors therefrom, separatingvapors so distilledv from the unvaporized portion of'said additional hydro' carbon oils, out `of contact with Aunvaporized oils vapors so distilled and separated with vapors evolved and separated from said Withdrawn 'oils toform a composite distillate, fractionally condensingand separating out heavier fractions from l'said composite distillate to forma compositel condensate, introducing said composite condensate into saidyreflux condensate portion to forma miXtiireof oils, `and l' introducing the mixture of oils thus formed into the mass of hydrocarbon oils sub] ccted to said cracking-temperature and pressure heretofore mentioned. n

[Ojici'al Gazette January Z, 1934], 

